A Sign Is Given to Unbelievers, Not to the Faithful.

[Selections from Matins of the Epiphany in the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite.]*


The Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord.

Lessons from the proper, according to the ordinary form of the Roman Rite:

• Isaiah 60: 1-6.
• Psalm 72: 1-2, 7-8, 10-13.
• Ephesians 3: 2-3, 5-6.
• Matthew 2: 1-12.


[Outside the United States...]

The Second Sunday after the Nativity.**

Lessons from the proper, according to the ordinary form of the Roman Rite:

• Sirach 24: 1-2, 8-12.
• Psalm 147: 12-15, 19-20.
• Ephesians 1: 3-6, 15-18.
• John 1: 1-18.


The Sunday after the Octave Day of the Nativity: the Second Class Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus.***

Lessons from the proper, according to the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite:

• Acts 4: 8-12.
• Psalm 105: 47.
• Luke 2: 21.


The Sunday before the Theophany.

Lessons from the menaion, according to the typicon of the Byzantine-Ruthenian Rite:

• II Timothy 4: 5-8.
• Mark 1: 1-8.










FatherVenditti.com

3:22 PM 1/4/2015 —

[The words "Epiphany" and "Theophany" both mean "manifestation." The Rites and forms of Catholicisim in which the author of this site enjoys faculties commemorate this observance in the following ways:
     
In the extraodinary form of the Roman Rite, the First Class Feast of the Epiphany, always celebrated on January 6th, commemorates three events in the life of our Blessed Lord: His manifestation to the gentiles in the visit of the Magi, His manifestation as the co-eternal Son of God in His baptism by John, and His manifestation as God Incarnate in the miracle at the wedding at Cana. Hence, the woodcut print serving as the top image for this page, taken from an edition of the Missal of St. John XXIII, displays all three events together. While the Epiphany is not officially followed by an octave, it does have a sort of octave day, January 13th, which carries the title of the Baptism of the Lord and appears to be a second commemoration of that event; but, the Mass and office of that day are almost identical to that of the Epiphany and, should it fall on a Sunday, it is completely displaced by the Feast of the Holy Family.
     
In the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, the Solemnity of the Epiphany, celebrated on January 6th on the universal calendar and on the Sunday following the Octave in the United States, commemorates only the visit of the Magi, with His baptism commemorated on the following Sunday, the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, after which the season of Ordinary Time begins. The Gospel of the Wedding at Cana is read on January 7th should that day fall before the Epiphany; otherwise, it is not commemorated until the Second Sunday of Ordinary Time, and then only on every third year, when the lessons of cycle C of the dominica are read.
     
In the typicon of the Byzantine-Ruthenian Rite, the Solemn Holy Day of the Theophany, always celebrated on January 6th, commemorates only the Baptism of the Lord, and thus corresponds to next Sunday in the ordinary form (and sometimes January 13th in the extraordinary form) rather than to the Epiphany, with there being no specific commemoration of the visit of the Magi apart from Christmas Day. The Wedding at Cana is not commemorated in this season, but first appears in the Divine Liturgy for the Second Monday of Pascha (Easter).]

Lesson iv.
A Sermon of Pope St. Leo the Great.
Sermon 2 on the Epiphany.

Dearly beloved brethren, rejoice in the Lord; again I say, rejoice. But a few days are past since the solemnity of Christ's Birth, and now the glorious light of His Manifestation is breaking upon us. On that day the Virgin brought Him forth, and on this the world knew Him. The Word made Flesh was pleased to reveal Himself by degrees to those for whom He had come. When Jesus was born He was manifested indeed to the believing, but hidden from His enemies. Already indeed the heavens declared the glory of God, and their sound went out into all lands, when the Herald Angels appeared to tell to the shepherds the glad tidings of a Saviour's Birth; and now the guiding star leadeth the wise men to worship Him, that from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof, the Birth of the true King may be known abroad; that through those wise men the kingdoms of the east might learn the great truth, and the Roman empire remain no more in darkness.

Lesson v.

     The very cruelty of Herod, when he strove to crush at His birth this King Whom he alone feared, was made a blind means to carry out this dispensation of mercy. While the tyrant with horrid guilt sought to slay the little Child he did not know, amid an indiscriminate slaughter of innocents, his infamous act served to spread wider abroad the heaven-told news of the Birth of the Lord. Thus were these glad tidings loudly proclaimed, both by the novelty of their story, and the iniquity of their enemies. Then was the Saviour borne into Egypt, that nation, of a long time hardened in idolatry, might by the mysterious virtue which went out of Him, even when His presence was unknown, be prepared for the saving light so soon to dawn on them, and might receive the Truth as a wanderer even before they had banished falsehood.

Lesson vi.

     Let us therefore recognise in the wise men who came to worship Christ, the first-fruits of that dispensation to the Gentiles wherein we also are called and enlightened. Let us then keep this Feast with grateful hearts, in thanksgiving for our blessed hope, whereof it doth commemorate the dawn. From that worship paid to the new-born Christ is to be dated the entry of us Gentiles upon our heirship of God and co-heirship with Christ. Since that joyful day the Scriptures which testify of Christ have lain open for us as well as for the Jews. Yea, their blindness rejected that Truth, Which, since that day, hath shed Its bright beams upon all nations. Let all observance, then, be paid to this most sacred day, whereon the Author of our salvation was made manifest, and as the wise men fell down and worshipped Him in the manger, so let us fall down and worship Him enthroned Almighty in heaven. As they also opened their treasures and presented unto Him mystic and symbolic gifts, so let us strive to open our hearts to Him, and offer Him from thence some worthy offering.

Lesson vii.
A Homily of Pope St. Gregory the Great.
Homily 10 on the Gospels.

Dearly beloved brethren, hear ye from the Gospel lesson how, when the King of heaven was born, the king of earth was troubled? The heights of heaven are opened and the depths of earth are stirred. Let us now consider the question, why, when the Redeemer was born, an angel brought the news to the shepherds of Judea, but a star led the wise men of the East to worship Him. It seemeth as if the Jews as reasonable creatures received a revelation from a reasonable being, that is, an angel, but the Gentiles without, being as brutes, are roused not by a voice, but by a sign, that is, a star. Hence Paul hath it: "a sign [is] given to unbelievers, not to the faithful; whereas prophecy is meant for the faithful, not for unbelievers" (I Cor. 14: 22). So the prophesying, that is, of the angel was given to them that believed, and the sign to them that believed not.

Lesson viii.

     We should note that when our Redeemer had become an adult, he was preached among the Gentiles not by Himself, but by His Apostles, even as, when a little Child, He is shown to them, not by the voice of angels, but merely by the vision of a star. When He Himself had begun to speak He was made known to us by speakers, but when He lay silent in the manger, by that silent testimony in heaven. We should seriously ponder what hardness of heart some Jews had, when despite all the signs that accompanied both the birth and the death of our Lord, they would acknowledge Him neither in prophesy nor in miracle.

Lesson ix.

     All things which He had made, bore witness that their Maker was come. Let me reckon them after the manner of men. The heavens knew that He was God, and sent a star to shine over where He lay. The sea knew it, and bore Him up when He walked upon it. The earth knew it, and quaked when He died. The sun knew it, and was darkened. The rocks and walls knew it, and rent at the hour of His death. Hell knew it, and gave up the dead that were in it. And yet up to this very hour the hearts of the unbelieving Jews will not acknowledge that He to Whom all nature testified is their God, and, being more hardened than the rocks, refuse to be rent by repentance.

* In the extraordinary form, these lessons are not read until January 6th. They are offered here in observance of the Epiphany in the ordinary form, as Father has no preaching duties either today or on the 6th.

** In the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, on the universal calendar, the Epiphany is always observed on January 6th, and this Mass for the Second Sunday after the Nativity is offered today; in the United States, the Epiphany is transfered to the Sunday between the 2nd & 5th of January (today), as indicated above, and this Mass is not used. In either case, the Most Holy Name of Jesus is observed on January 3rd with the rank of an optional memorial.

*** In the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite, the Second Class Feast of the Most Holy Name of Jesus is always celebrated on the Sunday between the 2nd & 5th of January (or, if there is no such Sunday, on January 2nd), with the Epiphany always celebrated on January 6th. Cf. yesterday's post for a homily on the Most Holy Name.

† The typicon of the Byzantine-Ruthenian Rite corresponds to the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite, as well as the ordinary form according to the universal calendar, in celebrating a pre-festal Sunday today; however, the celebration on January 6th, the Theophany of the Lord, is specifically a celebration of Christ's baptism. There is no liturgical commemoration of the visit of the Magi in the Byzantine Tradition.